严重声明:
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别如下:
-- | 限定性定语从句 | 非限定性定语从句 | |||
形式上 | 不用逗号和主句隔开 | 用逗号和主句隔开 | |||
意义上 | 是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除 | 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整 | |||
译法上 | 翻译成先行词的定语,“......的……” | 通常翻译成主句的并列句 | |||
关系词的使用上 | A.作宾语时可省略 B.可用that C.可用who代替whom | A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不用who代替whom |
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(限定性定语从句)
老师告诉我说汤姆是唯一一个我能依靠的人。
He recognized Tom, with whom he had worked for two years.
他认出了汤姆,他曾和汤姆在一起工作了2年。(非限定性定语从句)
1.限定性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
(1)当先行词是any tig,everything,nothing,few,all,no,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?你是否记下了李先生说的每一句话?
There is little that I can do for you.我没有什么可为你做的。
(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们游览的第一个地方是大本钟。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
(4) 当先行词被the very,the only修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。
(5) 当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪一件T恤衫最适合我?
(6)当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时。
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?你还记得我们学过的那位科学家和他的理论吗?
2.关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限定性定语从句, 有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:
(1)as和which都可以在定语从包中作主语或者宾语, 代表前面整个包子。
He was honest,as/which we know.我们都知道他很诚实。
(2)as引导非限定性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像…”的意思,而which没有。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
He has been to Paris more than several times,which I don't believe.他曾经去过巴黎多次,这我不相信。
As was expected,he performed the task with success.正像预料的,他成功地完成了任务。
注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which。
Tom was always late for school,which made his teacher angry.汤姆上学总是迟到,这使他的老师很生气。
(3)当先行词被such,the same修饰时,常用as。
I have never heard such a story a she tells.我从没听过他讲的故事。
This is the same book as I lost last week.这正是我上周丢的那本书。